IV. Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each question.Question 51-55    Many human superstitions start with this fallacy. A baseball player wears uncomfortableunderwear while hitting a grand slam. From then on, that same tight, hole-pocked pair of underpantsbecomes part of his uniform. The fallacy has a fancy name: it’s a post hoc fallacy, from the Latin posthoc ergo propter hoc, which means “after this, therefore because of this.” People commit this fallacywhen they think that a correlation - one thing happening with something else - is a cause. Some parentsresist getting life-saving vaccinations for their two-year-olds because some kids get diagnosed withautism soon after they get their shots. Autism is detectable just about the same age that kids get theirtwo-year vaccinations. That leads a few parents to think that vaccinations cause autism, even thoughscience has clearly proven they don’t. The post hoc fallacy tends to hit us in subtle ways. A student parties all night and aces an exam.Conclusion: Partying strengthens his mental faculties! Never mind that he was paying extra attention inclass and had already read the material thoroughly. Or you go on holiday and it rains the entire week.“I’m sorry,” you say to the hotel manager. “I made it rain.” Even if you were slightly kidding, you werecommitting an easy fallacy. If, however, you really did make it rain, you should switch careers. Farmerswould pay you good money. (modified from Heinrichs, 2018)
51. What is the author’s purpose in writing these two passages?
(A) To explain what post hoc fallacy is.
(B) To support the conceptual basis for post hoc fallacy.
(C) To share stories about post hoc fallacy.
(D) To explore the origins of post hoc fallacy.